Kuteteza udindo wa sayansi ngati chinthu chabwino padziko lonse lapansi munthawi ya mpikisano wandale zadziko

Sayansi ikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha mpikisano wandale za dziko, zofuna za anthu ena komanso kulimbana ndi ubwino wa ukadaulo ndi zinthu zina. Izi zikuwononga mphamvu ya sayansi yotumikira anthu ndi kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe ikukulitsa ndale zake komanso kugonjera zofuna zake zaukadaulo ndi zapadera.

Sayansi ndi chinthu chomwe chimawononga chitukukochi komanso mphamvu yomwe ingakulitse mikangano ndi kusamvana. Mpikisano womwe ulipo pa ukadaulo wofunikira (kuphatikiza mipikisano ya zida zankhondo) ukuwonetsa momwe chidziwitso cha sayansi chimagwiritsidwira ntchito pawiri. Pachifukwa ichi, udindo wodalirika wa sayansi monga chinthu chabwino padziko lonse lapansi [1], chuma chogawana chomwe chimapindulitsa aliyense ndipo chimakhalabe chopezeka mosavuta, chili pachiwopsezo chowonongeka kwambiri ndi mpikisano wanzeru komanso kugawikana kwa ndale.

Pamene kulowererapo kwa ndale ndi malingaliro kukukulirakulira pakupanga mapulani ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, kugwiritsa ntchito umboni wa sayansi popanga mfundo kukusokonekera. Kuwonjezeka kwa ndale ndi kugawikana kwa machitidwe asayansi pang'onopang'ono kukulepheretsa mgwirizano ndi kugawana deta, pomwe kupangitsa kuti mwayi wopeza chidziwitso cha sayansi ukhale wosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyika patsogolo zofuna za dziko ndi zandale kukukulitsa zikhalidwe za kusadziletsa kwa sayansi ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa luso la ofufuza kuchita kafukufuku momasuka, komanso, m'malo ena, modalirika.[2]

Palibe dongosolo la sayansi lomwe silingakumane ndi mavuto, kaya amkati kapena akunja. Zoletsa za momwe sayansi imachitikira ndi kugawana sizimangokhala pazochitika zosalimba kapena zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mikangano koma zikuwonekera m'madera onse ndi m'magawo onse a luso la sayansi. Zomwe zachitika posachedwapa zikusonyeza kuti kulowererapo kwa ndale tsopano kukukhudza machitidwe ofufuza omwe kale ankaganiziridwa kuti amatetezedwa ku mavuto otere. Zoletsa zomwe zikukulirakulira pa ufulu wamaphunziro padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kufooketsa ufulu wa mabungwe, zikuwonetsa kuopsa kosintha kwa luso la sayansi lolankhula m'malire ndi malire. Mikangano yayitali yasokoneza zomangamanga za kafukufuku wadziko lonse ndipo ikuthandizira kutayika kwa luso kwa nthawi yayitali.[3] Kusamutsidwa kwa asayansi ndi kutayika kwa ntchito yawo ndi chimodzi mwa ziwopsezo zazikulu zomwe chilengedwe chathu cha kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi chikukumana nazo,[4] [5] [6] mochulukirachulukira kumadzulo konse. Kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe ofufuza adziko lonse, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuukira mwachindunji mabungwe ndi antchito, ndi chida chankhondo. Kupita patsogolo, tiyenera, monga gulu la asayansi lolumikizidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kumanga njira zodzitetezera komanso zobwezeretsa bwino.[7]

Mavuto akuluakulu m'magulu athu, monga kusintha kwa nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ziwopsezo zaumoyo wa anthu, kusokonekera kwa ukadaulo ndi mikangano, zidzapindula ndi njira yofanana yotetezera. Mayankho ku mavutowa padziko lonse lapansi amadalira chidziwitso cha sayansi chodziyimira pawokha, chowonekera bwino komanso chopezeka padziko lonse lapansi komanso kumvetsetsana kofanana. Masomphenya apadziko lonse lapansi a kuyang'anira ndi kuthetsa mavuto kupitirira malire adziko ndi madera ndikofunikira, chifukwa machitidwe asayansi ogawanika kapena oletsedwa sangakwaniritse zosowa izi. Asayansi ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti azindikire, kuteteza ndikusunga ufulu wa anthu onse kutenga nawo mbali ndikupindula ndi sayansi.[8]

Ufuluwu umapereka dongosolo lothandiza komanso lothandiza kumvetsetsa ndi kuthana ndi mavuto omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa potsimikizira ufulu wa anthu onse wopeza ndikuthandizira chidziwitso cha sayansi moyenera komanso maudindo omwe mayiko ali nawo kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Umagwirizanitsa bizinesi ya sayansi ndi zolinga zokhazikika, chilungamo ndi ubwino pamlingo wadziko lonse komanso wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mwa kutsindika kuti zomangamanga zasayansi (za anthu wamba) ndi antchito ayenera, osachepera, kuonedwa ngati otetezedwa osati zolinga zovomerezeka, umazindikira kuti kubwezeretsa mphamvu zasayansi pambuyo pa ziwopsezo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukhala bwino kwa dziko, dera ndi mayiko komanso kukhazikika kwachuma.

Kuchitapo kanthu mogwirizana kukufunika mwachangu kuti titeteze mikhalidwe yomwe ufulu wochita nawo ndi kupindula ndi sayansi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira komanso momwe sayansi ingagwirire ntchito ngati chinthu chabwino padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza:

• kuti Mamembala a ISC akambirane ndi anzawo ndi maboma awo kuti ateteze ufulu wa sayansi ndi umphumphu ku kusokonezedwa ndi ndale, malingaliro ndi chitetezo chosayenera [9];
• kuti maboma ndi akatswiri asayansi m'madera osiyanasiyana komanso m'maiko ambiri agwire ntchito kuti asunge mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pamene akukambirana nkhani zovomerezeka zachitetezo moyenera;
• kuti kuteteza asayansi, deta ndi zomangamanga zofufuza, makamaka pamavuto, mikangano kapena kusakhazikika, kumayikidwa patsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zokonzekera ndi kumanganso [10].

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri izi zikuphatikizapo kuonetsetsa kuti umboni wa sayansi ukuikidwa mwadongosolo popanga zisankho za mayiko ambiri [11]. M'dziko lodalirana, komwe zisankho zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana, kuteteza sayansi yodziyimira payokha, yodalirika, yotseguka komanso yogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro moyenera. Chidziwitso cha sayansi chofunikira kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo ndikuteteza mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi sichiyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa zofuna zadziko zochepa.

Sayansi imapereka phindu lake lalikulu, kuphatikizapo pa kayendetsedwe ka mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, pamene imagwira ntchito ngati kampani yogwirizana komanso yogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi; pamene imapanga chidziwitso, luso latsopano komanso kuthandiza kuthetsa mavuto apadziko lonse lapansi.[12] Nthawi yomweyo, dongosolo la sayansi padziko lonse lapansi liyenera kusintha kuti ligwirizane ndi zenizeni za mpikisano wandale popanda kusiya mfundo za kutseguka, mgwirizano ndi ufulu wa sayansi.

Zothandizira

[1] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Sayansi Yabwino Kwambiri Padziko Lonse. 2021; ndi Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Malingaliro Amakono Pa Ufulu ndi Udindo mu Sayansi. 2021. https://council.science/our-work/freedom-and-responsibility-in-science/

[2] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Mfundo za Ufulu ndi Udindo mu Sayansi. 2022. https://council.science/freedom-and-responsibility-in-science/

[3] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Kuthandiza Asayansi Aku Palestina Omwe Ali Pachiwopsezo Ndi Othawa M'nyumba Zawo. 2024. https://council.science/news/supporting-at-risk-and-displaced-palestinian-scientists/

[4] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Chidziwitso cha Sayansi Chikutayika Kuti Chisagwirizane. Blog, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/storyworks/unlocking-science/the-scientific-knowledge-being-lost-to-conflict

[5] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Kuthandiza Asayansi Aku Palestina Omwe Ali Pachiwopsezo Ndi Othawa M'nyumba Zawo. 2024. https://council.science/news/supporting-at-risk-and-displaced-palestinian-scientists/

[6] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Chilengezo Chokhudza Sudan. 2023. https://council.science/blog/statement-sudan/

[7] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Kuteteza Sayansi Mu Nthawi Zamavuto: Kodi Tingasiye Bwanji Kuchitapo Kanthu Ndi Kukhala Ochitapo Kanthu Mofulumira? 2023. https://council.science/publications/protecting-science-in-times-of-crisis/

[8] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Ufulu Wotenga nawo mbali ndi Kupindula ndi Sayansi: Kutanthauzira kwa ISC. 2024. https://council.science/our-work/right-to-science/

[9] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Mfundo za Ufulu ndi Udindo mu Sayansi. 2022.

[10] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Kuteteza Sayansi Panthawi Yamavuto. 2023; ndi Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Sayansi mu Nthawi Yamavuto zinthu zofunika pa ntchito.

[11] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Sayansi Yabwino Kwambiri Padziko Lonse. 2021. https://council.science/publications/science-as-a-global-public-good/
Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Maumboni okhudza mgwirizano wa mayiko ambiri ndi zoopsa zapadziko lonse lapansi.

[12] Bungwe la Sayansi Yapadziko Lonse (ISC). Mgwirizano Wasayansi Wapadziko Lonse: Wofunika Koma WosatetezekaChikalata, June 2025. https://council.science/statements/international-scientific-collaboration-vital-yet-vulnerable/

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