Kafukufuku wathu waulula chodabwitsa kuti bungwe la United Nations pakadali pano lilibe chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti chiwopsezo chikukambidwa m'mabwalo osiyanasiyana a UN, pali nkhawa kuti ngati bungwe la UN siliyesetsa kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa zokambiranazi, zikhoza kuyambitsa chisokonezo chomwe sichingathetsere mokwanira zosowa za anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri.
Mu blog iyi timakambirana za ndondomeko zomwe zilipo panopa, ndi malingaliro oti apite patsogolo kuti tidziwe magulu omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso m'madera, zomwe zingathe kudziwitsa anthu amderalo. Pakali pano pali zizindikiro za chiopsezo zomwe zimasonyeza zina mwazowopsa, koma ndondomeko yowonjezereka ingathandize kuzindikira maiko omwe akutukuka kumene komanso magulu ofunikira.
Mu December 2020 UN General Assembly idapempha Secretary General kupanga malingaliro pazachitukuko, kugwirizanitsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zosatetezeka zamitundumitundu kumayiko Otukuka a Zilumba Zing'onozing'ono.
Poyamba anaganiza mu 2000 ndipo kenako kusinthidwa mu 2005, ndi Economic and Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyamba zachiopsezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira 2005, EVI yakhala imodzi mwa njira zitatu zomwe UN Committee for Development Policy (UNCP) imagwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira ndikumaliza maphunziro a mayiko omwe ali m'magulu osatukuka kwambiri. Pakali pano ili ndi magawo awiri a chiwopsezo - zachuma ndi chilengedwe - ndi zizindikiro zisanu ndi zitatu zopangidwa kuchokera ku njira yomwe anagwirizana yomwe imawunikiridwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Imodzi mwa mphamvu zake zazikulu ndi yakuti deta yake imakhudza mayiko 143 kuyambira m'chaka cha 2000.
Ngakhale njira yazachuma yothanirana ndi chiwopsezo ndiyofunikira, sikutengera kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo poganizira za geography, zachuma kapena chilengedwe. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga index ya vulnerability index? Choyamba, timayang'ana deta.
Mu February 2021 Jacob Assa ndi Riad Meddeb a UNDP adapanga lipoti labwino kwambiri lomwe adapereka lingaliro lokulitsidwa la multidimensional vulnerability index (MVI) zomwe zimamanga pa EVI. UNDP MVI ikuphatikizapo zizindikiro khumi ndi chimodzi kuchokera ku EVI, kuphatikizapo ena ochokera ku World Bank. Zizindikiro zikuyimira miyeso inayi ya chiwopsezo: zachuma, zachuma, zachilengedwe ndi malo.
Ngakhale kuti MVI iyi inali ikuyang'ana kale ku Maiko Otukuka a Zilumba Zing'onozing'ono, zizindikiro zake zikhoza kugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zimaphatikizapo deta yomwe imakhudza mayiko 126. UNDP MVI ikuphatikizapo zizindikiro zitatu zachuma kuchokera ku EVI; Kusakhazikika kwazinthu zaulimi, kusakhazikika kwazinthu zaulimi, kusakhazikika kwa katundu ndi ntchito zotumizidwa kunja. Ikuwonjezera zizindikiro zitatu zandalama zochokera ku World Bank zokhudzana ndi zokopa alendo zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndalama zomwe munthu amatumiza, komanso ndalama zakunja. Zizindikiro zitatu za malowa ndi monga kutalikirana ndi kutsekeka kwa nthaka, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu m'malo owuma komanso madera otsika a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
UNICEF yayamba kuyang'ana pakuyesa kusatetezeka kwa ana. Mu 2021, UNICEF idapanga bungwe la Mlozera Wowopsa wa Nyengo ya Ana, kapena CCRI, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimagawidwa kukhala zipilala ziwiri. Mzati 1 ndikuwonetsa kugwedezeka kwa nyengo ndi chilengedwe ndi kupsinjika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zingapo. Pillar 2 ndi Child Vulnerability, yomwe imaphatikizapo zizindikiro za umphawi, katundu wolankhulana, ndi chitetezo cha anthu; madzi, ukhondo, ndi ukhondo; maphunziro, thanzi la ana ndi kadyedwe.
Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimayenera kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana kuti ziwonetse miyeso yaderalo ndikuwonetsa zosowa za anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo. ISC ikupereka gawo lachithunzichi kuti lipeze yankho pochititsa akatswiri ophunzira ndi akatswiri kuti ayang'ane njira yopita patsogolo yomwe ingagwirizane ndi ndondomeko ya UN. Cholinga ndikuwona njira yopangira ma indices angapo omwe ali pachiwopsezo kudzera munjira yachigawo yomwe imadziwitsa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
Wonjezerani Mphamvu DR3, pulojekiti yothandizidwa ndi Belmont Forum, yapanga kafukufuku wothandizana nawo pa kuchepetsa ngozi ndi kupirira. Kafukufuku wawo akuyang'ana pa kayendetsedwe ka kuchepetsa ngozi ndi kupirira ndikugogomezera kusefukira kwa madzi, chilala ndi mafunde otentha m'mizinda ndi zilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mgwirizanowu umadutsa mayiko asanu ndi awiri kumayiko aku Europe, Africa, Asia ndi North America, ndi ofufuza ochokera m'magawo angapo padziko lonse lapansi, motsogozedwa ndi University College London.
Gulu la United States la Re-Energize DR3 lakhala likuphunzira za kayendetsedwe ka masoka ku US pamagulu a federal, boma ndi a m'deralo, pogwiritsa ntchito dziko la North Carolina monga phunziro la kafukufuku wawo komanso zokambirana za okhudzidwa.
Pakhala pali ntchito yosangalatsa pa MVI yochokera ku Ofesi ya UN yoimira Mayiko Osatukuka Kwambiri, Maiko Otukuka Osatsekeredwa ndi Malo Otukuka Zilumba Zing'onozing'ono (UN-OHRLLS). Zawo lipoti 2021 zikuphatikizanso kuwunikanso kowonjezereka kwa MVI yomwe ilipo komanso malingaliro azomwe angachite pakupanga MVI. Imagwirizanitsanso kusatetezeka ndi kulimba mtima pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso ya chiwopsezo cha kapangidwe kake, komanso kusasunthika kwamapangidwe ndi mfundo, zomwe zimalonjeza kwambiri.
Izi zikuyenera kuphatikiza magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Kufikira pano, zizindikiro za kusatetezeka zikugwira ntchito pamlingo wadziko lonse ndi chigawo. Tawonapo zitsanzo zosonyeza kusatetezeka kwachuma, zachuma, malo, ndi chilengedwe. Kuti tipeze zidziwitso zachiwopsezo, pakufunika kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu la magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo odziwika bwino.
Tikukhulupirira kuti ma indices omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chigawo adzamalizidwa mu nthawi yowunikiranso 2027 ya Agenda ya 2030 ya Sustainable Development, yomwe ikuphatikiza Zolinga Zachitukuko Chokhazikika, ndikuwunikanso Zizindikiro za Chitukuko Chokhazikika mu 2028, zomwe zidzagwirizane ndi Bungwe la UN Statistical Commission.
Mu Meyi 2022, Kristen Downs adapereka ndemanga ngati woimira University of North Carolina Water Institute, pulojekiti ya Re-Energize DR3, ndi Gulu Lalikulu la Sayansi ndi Zamakono, lomwe limapangidwa ndi International Science Council (ISC). Anapereka pa Ignite Stage monga gawo la 7th Session ya UNDRR Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction ku Bali, Indonesia.
Nkhani yake inali ndi mutu wakuti, “Kodi tingathane ndi chiwopsezo chotani pa ngozi zapadziko lonse ndi m’madera?”
Mutha kuwona vidiyo ya ulaliki wa Kristen pachigwirizano ichi, komanso maulaliki ena a Ignite Stage Pano.
Pali magawo awiri a zokambiranazi: yoyamba ikukamba za kusatetezeka kwa mayiko ndipo yachiwiri ikukamba za kusatetezeka kwa magulu. Kodi ndondomeko imawonetsetsa bwanji kuti zonsezi zikuyankhidwa moyenera komanso molumikizana ndipo ngati ndi choncho, izi zingakwaniritsidwe bwanji? Kuti tiyankhe mafunsowa, tidzafunika 1) kuchita mgwirizano ndi kulimbikitsana mkati mwa njira zomwe zilipo kale za UN; 2) kuchita kafukufuku winanso womwe umakhudza madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso njira zogwirizanirana ndi omwe akukhudzidwa; ndi 3) kuunika ndondomeko zamakono pansi pa lens of multidimensional vulnerability.
Kristen Downs, Emily Gvino ndi Rene Marker-Katz ndi gawo la thandizo la ndalama za Belmont Forum, Limbikitsaninso Mphamvu Ulamuliro Wochepetsera Masoka ndi Kupirira Kwachitukuko Chokhazikika, kapena Re-Energize DR3.
Kristen Downs ndi PhD Candidate mu Environmental Sciences and Engineering ndipo amaphunzira nawo kafukufuku pa Water Institute ku yunivesite ya North Carolina ku Chapel Hill (UNC). Mbiri yake ndi sayansi ya chilengedwe ndi uinjiniya, yokhazikika pazaumoyo wa anthu komanso chitukuko chapadziko lonse lapansi. Zokonda zake zazikulu ndi momwe dongosolo la zomangamanga ndi ndondomeko ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo zingagwiritsire ntchito kupereka ntchito zokhazikika poyang'anizana ndi kusatsimikizika kwachilengedwe monga kusintha kwa chilengedwe ndi nyengo, chitukuko, ndi kukula kwa anthu. Kafukufuku wa Kristen amayang'ana kwambiri pakuyesa kuopsa, kusatsimikizika, ndi zotsatirapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo pa matenda obwera ndi madzi, monga momwe zimakhalira pakati pa ntchito zamadzi ndi ukhondo komanso kuyanjana kwake ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo komanso zochitika zazikulu.
Emily Gvino, MCRP, MPH ndi Associates ndi Clarion Associates, kampani yofunsira zakugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yomwe ili ku Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Emily amagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala amgulu la anthu ku US pamlingo wamba ndi madera, kuthandiza anthu kupeza mayankho aluso ndikukonzekera tsogolo lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika. Ntchito ya Emily ikuyang'ana pa mphambano za chilungamo cha nyengo, kupirira masoka, thanzi, ndi kukonza zachilengedwe. Emily amathandiziranso gulu la Re-Energize DR3 ngati Strategic Consultant, ogwirizana pa kafukufuku wofufuza, ntchito zolembera, ndi mafotokozedwe.
Rene Marker-Katz ndi wophunzira womaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ya North Carolina ku Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) akuchita digiri ya Master mu City and Regional Planning (MCRP) ndiukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito nthaka komanso kukonza zachilengedwe. Digiri yake yomaliza maphunziro idzatsagana ndi satifiketi ya Natural Hazards Resilience. Panopa akugwira ntchito ngati Research Associate ndi gulu la UNC Water Institute Re-Energize DR3 kuti alimbikitse mgwirizano pakati pa maulamuliro ndi mabungwe achinsinsi / aboma kuti athandizire bwino magulu a anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha masoka okhudzana ndi nyengo. Zokonda zapadera za Rene zili pakusintha kwangozi, kukhazikika kwamatauni, komanso chilungamo mkati mwa mfundo za anthu.
Chidziwitso Chachidule pa Systemic Risk
Mwayi wofufuza, ndondomeko ndi machitidwe kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha nyengo, chilengedwe ndi sayansi yowopsa ndi masoka achilengedwe.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Martin Howard / UNISDR Visualizing DRR Group kudzera Flickr.
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