Mutha kuyembekezera kuti nthano yoluma misomali yoteroyo idzachokera kwa wofufuza, koma Dr Reimer ndi katswiri wa masamu komanso mphunzitsi pa yunivesite ya Utah, komanso kukhala m'gulu la anthu omwe asinthana ndi makalasi abwino kwambiri m'chipululu chovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. , pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito manambala kuti amvetsetse kutentha kwa dziko.
Maulendo awo amawathandiza kuti azitha kuwona zochitika zomwe zikuyendetsa kusintha kwa madera a polar ndikutsimikizira masamu awo a ayezi wapanyanja ndi gawo lake monga gawo lofunikira kwambiri panyengo yapadziko lapansi.
Kukula ndi kukula kwa ayezi ku Arctic kwatsika mwachangu kuyambira pomwe kuyeza kwa satellite kudayamba 1979.
Madzi oundana a m'nyanja ndi firiji ya padziko lapansi, yomwe imaunikiranso kuwala kwa dzuwa mumlengalenga. Kukhalapo kwake kosatha n’kofunika ku tsogolo la dziko lathu lapansi chifukwa, pamene ayezi wochulukira amasungunuka, madzi akuda kwambiri amaonekera amene amatenga kuwala kwa dzuwa. Madzi otenthedwa ndi dzuwawa amasungunula madzi oundana ambiri m’njira yodzilimbitsa yokha yotchedwa ice albedo ndemanga.
Ngakhale kuchepa kwa madzi oundana a m'nyanja mwina ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zowoneka bwino kwambiri zosinthika zolumikizidwa ndi kutentha kwapadziko lapansi, kusanthula, kufanizira ndi kulosera zamayendedwe ake komanso kuyankha kwa polar komwe kumathandizira ndizovuta kwambiri, koma akatswiri a masamu angathandize.
Kenneth Golden, pulofesa wodziwika bwino wa masamu komanso pulofesa wothandiza pa uinjiniya wa biomedical ku yunivesite ya Utah, wapanga pulogalamu yapadera ya ayezi pazaka zopitilira 30. Kuphatikizika kwake kwa kafukufuku wa masamu, kutengera nyengo ndi maulendo osangalatsa a m'magawo, kwakopa ophunzira ndi ofufuza pambuyo pa udokotala, kuphatikiza Dr Reimer, omwe amayang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi yamtunduwu kuti athandizire kuthana ndi zovuta zanyengo yomwe ikusintha mwachangu.
Dr Reimer adaphunzira momwe zimbalangondo ndi zisindikizo zimayankhira kusintha kwa malo awo oundana. Ngakhale adagwiritsa ntchito masamu kuti amvetsetse kugwirizana pakati pa zolengedwazi ndi malo awo, adatenganso miyeso ndi zitsanzo kuchokera ku zimbalangondo za ku Arctic, zomwe sankayembekezera kuti azichita ngati katswiri wa masamu. Iwo sagona kwenikweni akakhala bata; ndi onyada,” akufotokoza motero. "Mmodzi wa iwo adandidabwitsa chifukwa zimawoneka ngati angadzuke nthawi ina."
Dr Reimer amatenga miyeso kuchokera ku chimbalangondo chokhazikika ku Arctic.
Malo awo omwe akucheperachepera amatanthauza kuti zimbalangondo za polar zikuyenda pa ayezi woonda, koma tikukhulupirira kuti maphunziro ngati a Dr Reimer athandiza akatswiri kumvetsetsa momwe angatetezere adani akuluakulu.
Komabe, ndi dziko losawoneka bwino kwambiri la mabakiteriya ndi ndere zomwe zimakhala m'matumba a madzi amchere mkati mwa madzi oundana a m'nyanja zomwe zimamusangalatsa. Gulu la zamoyoli ndi malo ake amakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, mchere ndi kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kufotokoza molondola. M'ntchito yake yamakono, Dr Reimer amapanga zitsanzo kuti amvetse momwe zinthuzi zimagwirizanirana kuti adziwe zochitika zamoyo mu ayezi. "Kumvetsetsa momwe njira zamagulu ang'onoang'onozi zimathandizira kuti pakhale ma macro-level modes ndizofunikira kwambiri potengera momwe nyengo ikuwotchera pazachilengedwe," akufotokoza.
Ndizovuta kumvetsetsa momwe madzi oundana amadzimadzi amakhudzira machitidwe a madzi oundana omwe amasangalatsa Prof Golden. Iye wayendera madera a kumtunda kwa Dziko Lapansi maulendo 18, akumalimbana ndi mphepo zakumadzulo zotchedwa "Roaring Forties" kuti akafike ku Antarctica ndi sitima yapamadzi ndikupewa pang'onopang'ono kugwera m'madzi oundana pamene akuyesa madzi oundana a m'nyanja. “Nthaŵi ina ndinachezeredwa ndi chinsomba chachikulu chapafupi ndi mapazi asanu ndi atatu, chimene chinatha kuthyola mosavuta nsonga yopyapyala imene ndinali nayo ndi mchira wake wongogwedeza pang’ono chabe,” iye akutero.
Prof Golden amaphunzira kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka ayezi wam'nyanja kuti awerengere momwe madzi amadutsira mosavuta. “Ayezi a m’nyanja ndi amchere. Ili ndi porous microstructure ya brine inclusions yomwe ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi madzi oundana, "akutero.
Prof Golden adatsogolera magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti adziwiretu kutentha koopsa komwe ma brine inclusions amalumikizana kuti madzi aziyenda mumadzi oundana a m'nyanja, ndikupanga njira yoyamba ya X-ray tomography yowunikira momwe geometry ya inclusions imasinthira ndi kutentha. “Kumvetsetsa mmene madzi a m’nyanja amapitira mu ayezi wa m’nyanja ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziŵira mmene kusintha kwanyengo kudzachitikira m’malo okhala m’mphepete mwa nyanja,” iye akufotokoza motero.
Kuzindikira "kusintha kozimitsa" kumeneku kwathandiza asayansi kumvetsetsa bwino njira monga momwe zakudya zomwe zimadyetsa ndere zomwe zimakhala m'madzi amadzimadzi zimawonjezeredwa.
Kafukufuku wa Pulofesa Golden akuwonetsa momwe madzi amatha kuyenda mosavuta mu ayezi wanyanja, yemwe ali ndi porous microstructure ya brine inclusions (chithunzi). WF Weeks ndi A. Assur, CRREL (US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab) Report 269, 1969
Madzi oundana mumadzi oundana amakhudzanso siginecha yake ya radar, yomwe imakhudza miyeso ya satellite ya magawo ngati makulidwe a ayezi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira zitsanzo zanyengo. Zitsanzozi ndizofunika chifukwa zimaneneratu za kusintha kwa nyengo yathu m'tsogolomu ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi atsogoleri a dziko ndi asayansi kuti abwere ndi njira zochepetsera.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa ayezi kumakhala kovuta, koma kusiyana pakati pa ofufuza, aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira kumapanga malo abwino kwambiri a malingaliro atsopano. Ku US, gawo limodzi lokha la digiri ya udokotala mu masamu ndi sayansi yamakompyuta idaperekedwa kwa azimayi mu 2015, koma njira monga University of Utah's. KUTHANDIZA Pulogalamuyi ikulimbikitsa akatswiri a masamu achikazi aluso powathandiza kutsegula mipata monga upangiri ndi kafukufuku wamanja. Maulendo opita ku Arctic samangopatsa ophunzira chidziwitso chapamwamba, koma onetsetsani kuti akatswiri a masamu akutenga nawo mbali pakufufuza ndi mayankho aukadaulo, limodzi ndi asayansi anyengo ndi mainjiniya.
Pamene sakulimbana ndi mvula yamkuntho, Dr Reimer ndi Prof Golden amagwira ntchito yothandizana, mapulojekiti amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso amalangiza ophunzira achikazi omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba monga gawo la pulogalamu ya ACCESS. Pambuyo potsitsimula gawo la masamu mu 2018 kuti liphatikizepo kusintha kwa nyengo, Prof Golden wawona pafupifupi kuwirikiza katatu chiwerengero cha ophunzira a ACCESS omwe akufuna kuchita masamu akuluakulu kapena kuchita kafukufuku kuposa kale.
Rebecca Hardenbrook, yemwe ndi mmodzi mwa ophunzira a PhD a Pulofesa Golden, anati: “Kuika maganizo pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kusintha kwa nyengo kumakopa anthu ambiri omwe timawafuna pa masamu, omwe ndi aliyense, koma makamaka akazi, anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, aumphawi; aliyense wochokera ku chikhalidwe chosaimiridwa bwino.”
Hardenbrook adalowa nawo pulogalamu ya ACCESS patsogolo pa chaka chake choyamba monga wophunzira maphunziro apamwamba, akukhala m'chilimwe mu labu ya astrophysics, yomwe inatsegula maso ake kuti athe kuchita kafukufuku. "Zinali kusintha kwenikweni," akutero, osati chifukwa adaganiza zopanga PhD ya masamu ndi Prof Golden ataphunzira za kayendedwe ka kutentha kupyola mu ayezi wa m'nyanja ngati undergraduate.
Rebecca Hardenbrook amaphunzitsa masamu kwa ophunzira pa Yunivesite ya Utah ku Salt Lake City.
Tsopano amalimbikitsa ophunzira aang'ono pa ndondomeko ya ACCESS monga wothandizira wophunzitsa, komanso madamu osungunuka, omwe ndi madzi oundana pamadzi oundana a m'nyanja ya Arctic. Maiwe amenewa amathandiza kwambiri kudziwa mmene madzi oundana a m’nyanja ya Arctic amasungunuka kwa nthawi yaitali potengera kuwala kwa dzuwa m’malo mounika. Akamakula ndikulumikizana palimodzi, amasintha mu fractal geometry, ndikupanga njira yosatha yomwe imatha kutsatiridwa ndi akatswiri a masamu.
Hardenbrook ikugwira ntchito pazaka khumi zogwira ntchito pamayiwe osungunuka ndi Prof Golden ndi ophunzira am'mbuyomu komanso ofufuza payunivesiteyo posintha mtundu wakale wa Ising, womwe udapangidwa zaka zoposa zana zapitazo ndikufotokozera momwe zida zingapindulire kapena kutaya maginito, kuti zipangitse kusungunuka. geometry ya dziwe. "Ndikuyembekeza kuti chitsanzo cha madzi oundana a m'nyanja chikhale cholondola kwambiri kuti chikhazikike m'mawonekedwe a nyengo padziko lonse lapansi kuti apange njira yolondola yothetsera madzi osungunuka, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zodabwitsa pa albedo ya ku Arctic," akufotokoza motero.
Akatswiri a masamu athetsa kale bvuto la momwe angatanthauzire kukula kwa malo oundana a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe amayambira pakati pa ayezi wamkati mpaka kumalire akunja, komwe mafunde amatha kuswa ayezi woyandama.
Court Strong, yemwe ndi wasayansi wa zakuthambo komanso m'modzi mwa anzake a Prof Golden pa yunivesite ya Utah, analimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu zina zachilendo: ubongo wa ubongo wa khoswe. Anazindikira kuti angagwiritse ntchito njira yofanana ya masamu kuti ayeze m’lifupi mwa malo oundana a m’mphepete mwa madzi oundana monga momwe amachitira poyezera makulidwe a ubongo wa makoswe, womwenso uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mothandizidwa ndi chitsanzo chosavutachi, gululi linatha kusonyeza kuti malo oundana a m'mphepete mwa nyanja awonjezeka ndi 40% pamene nyengo yathu ikuwotha.
Chiwembu cha University of Utah's ACCESS, kuphatikiza kafukufuku wake wokhazikika, chimamiza ophunzira m'malo osiyanasiyana pomwe masamu ndi gawo lachithunzi chachikulu. Imalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa mungu, komwe njira ndi malingaliro ochokera kumadera owoneka ngati osagwirizana asayansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa mavuto pomwe masamu oyambira ali ofanana.
“Mukakumana ndi vuto losazolowereka, muyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuti muwone bwino vuto ndikupeza njira zothetsera,” akutero Prof Golden.
Kutayika kwa madzi oundana kunyanja ya Arctic kwachitika zaka makumi angapo chabe ndipo kukupitirirabe kwambiri.
"Timafunikira ubongo wabwino ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoganizira zomwe tingapeze, ndipo timazifuna mwachangu," akutero.
Nkhaniyi yawunikiridwa ku University of Utah, National Science Foundation ndi Office of Naval Research ndi Elvis Bahati Orlendo, International Foundation for Science, Stockholm ndi Dr Magdalena Stoeva, FIOMP, FIUPESM.
Werengani zambiri za Lowani nawo mu 5th International Polar Year 
Werengani zambiri za Kuyimbira Ma Bids kuchititsa IPY-5 International Coordination Office | tsiku lomalizira: 6 February 
Werengani zambiri za Kuyitanira IPY-5 National Committees 
