Asayansi ndi ofufuza amayamikira kwambiri nkhani zopeka za sayansi chifukwa cha zomwe zimathandizira poyembekezera zochitika zamtsogolo. Monga gawo la ntchito yake yofufuza momwe kusintha kwa sayansi ndi sayansi kumatitsogolera, ndi Center for Science futures adakhala pansi ndi olemba mabuku asanu ndi limodzi otsogola kuti asonkhanitse malingaliro awo momwe sayansi ingathanirane ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe tidzakumane nazo zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi. Podcast ndi mgwirizano ndi Nature.
Mu gawo lathu lachinayi, tinakambirana ndi Fernanda Trías za momwe tingagwirizanitse zaluso ndi sayansi. Amanena za kufulumira kuchitapo kanthu poyang'anizana ndi zovuta zenizeni monga zovuta zachilengedwe. Amakhulupirira kuti kudzera m'malo ofotokozera nkhani ndi mayankho, titha kupanga sayansi kukhala yatanthauzo.
Fernanda Trias
Fernanda Trías anabadwira ku Montevideo, Uruguay, ndipo pano amakhala ku Colombia. Wolemba wopambana mphotho komanso mlangizi wazolemba zaluso, ali ndi MFA mu Creative Writing kuchokera ku New York University ndipo wasindikiza mabuku anayi, awiri a iwo anawamasulira m'Chingerezi (Padenga, Charco Press 2020, ndi Slime Wapinki, Alembi 2023), komanso kusonkhanitsa nkhani zazifupi.
Paul Shrivastava (00:03):
Moni, ndine Paul Shrivastava, ndipo munkhani za podcast iyi ndikulankhula ndi olemba zopeka zamtsogolo. Ndikuganiza kuti njira yawo yapadera yowonera zinthu ingatipatse chidziwitso chofunikira cha momwe tingapangire dziko lomwe tikufuna ndikupewa zomwe sitili.
Fernanda Trias (00:24):
Tonse tikuyembekeza kuti sayansi ibwera kudzatipulumutsa ku tsoka ndi zowononga zomwe tachita, ndipo si njira yomwe idzagwire ntchito.
Paul Shrivastava (00:32):
Lero ndikulankhula ndi Fernanda Trías, wolemba mabuku wa ku Uruguay komanso wolemba nkhani zazifupi. Ndiwophunzitsanso zolembera ku Universidad de los Andes ku Bogotá. Buku lake, Slime Wapinki, inadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mabuku abwino kwambiri olembedwa ndi mlembi wina wamkazi m’mayiko olankhula Chisipanishi. Tidakambirana za kudzoza kwake, kaya kuwopsa kwa dystopian kungabweretse kusintha, komanso kufunikira kobweretsa zaluso ndi sayansi palimodzi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mumasangalala.
Zikomo, Fernanda. Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa chobwera nafe pa podcast iyi. Ndikufuna kuyamba ndi kukufunsani ngati mungalankhule pang'ono za mbiri yanu komanso ubale wanu ndi sayansi.
Fernanda Trias (01:24):
Chabwino, kwenikweni, ndimachokera kubanja lomwe sayansi ndi zaluso zakhala zikulumikizana nthawi zonse. Bambo anga anali dokotala. Mwachitsanzo, ndinakulira m’makhonde a zipatala, ndipo bambo anga ankakonda kunena za thupi la munthu, ndipo kwa ine zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndinali ndi mtima wofuna kuthandiza anthu, choncho ndinayamba kuphunzira maphunziro a anthu. Ndinagwira ntchito yomasulira kwa zaka zambiri, koma ndinaphunzira kwambiri nkhani zachipatala. Pomasulira, ndinapeza njira yokhala ndi zonse ziwiri, kumanja, kumbali imodzi, zilankhulo zomwe ndimakonda ndipo, kumbali ina, ndimatha kufufuza, kuphunzira.
Paul Shrivastava (02:07):
Zodabwitsa. Buku lanu latsopano losangalatsa lomwe likumasuliridwa, Slime Wapinki, mu Chingerezi - kodi mungatiuze pang'ono za mutu wamba wa bukhuli ndi momwe mumalankhulira za sayansi ndi bungwe la sayansi pa ntchitoyi?
Fernanda Trias (02:23):
Kwenikweni, matope a pinki ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe ndinazipeza pamene ndinali kumasulira zachipatala. M'buku la dystopian ili, pakhala tsoka lachilengedwe, ndipo ndimaganiza, chabwino, tiyeni tiyerekeze dziko lomwe chinthu chomwe amayenera kudyetsa anthu ndi phala lomwe limatchedwa 'pinki slime', mosasamala. Zokongoletsa zonse ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mitembo, ziweto, zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwenikweni. Kenako amapangidwa kuti achotse mafuta pa nyamayo, ndipo pamakhala phala lokhala ndi pinki kwambiri, lomwe limawoneka ngati mankhwala otsukira mano. Anthu awiri akuluakulu - wolemba nkhaniyo ndi mkazi ndipo amasamalira mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda osowa. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi munthu amakhala ndi njala nthawi zonse. Ubongo sulandira chizindikiro chomwe chimati, chabwino, nzokwanira. Chifukwa chake ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri, ndipo mayiyu akusamalira mwana yemwe sangaleke kudya m'dziko lomwe muli chakudya chosowa, ndipo matope apinki ndiye chakudya chachikulu chomwe chilipo.
Paul Shrivastava (03:39):
Zimenezo ndi zamphamvu kwambiri. Ndipo chiyembekezo chimodzi ndi chakuti mtundu uwu wa zoopsa ndi dystopia zimadabwitsa anthu ndikuwapangitsa kuti asinthe makhalidwe kuti akhale okhazikika - kaya ndi zakudya za thupi lawo, kapena kutentha mpweya, kapena muli ndi chiyani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nthano zopeka za sayansi zingapangitsedi kusintha maganizo?
Fernanda Trias (04:03):
Sindikudziwa, koma buku lililonse la dystopian lili ndi zenizeni zenizeni. Ndikumva kuti, monga gulu, tikukana zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha kwanyengo. Ndipo sizachilendo chifukwa ndizowopsa komanso chifukwa… anthu pawokha paokha - sitiona kuti tingachite zambiri kuti tisinthe zomwe zikuchitika. Tikumva kukhumudwa uku, koma ndichifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuti zaluso zibweretse nkhaniyi komanso kuti ipezeke kwa anthu chifukwa imapanga chitsanzo chowoneka cha zomwe zingachitike. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi tikhoza kulingalira dziko lonse ndi zotsatira zonsezi, ndi tsatanetsatane, ndi momwe izi zingakhudzire anthu wamba, tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ndi momwe tingayambire kukambirana za izi.
Paul Shrivastava (05:00):
Pali njira izi zodziganizira tokha monga osiyana ndi chilengedwe, koma pali njira ina. Lingaliro lachibadwidwe la dziko lapansi m'mayiko ambiri ndilokhazikika komanso limaphatikizapo zambiri, kuti ndife chilengedwe, ndife gawo la ukonde wa chilengedwe, ndipo ngati tichita chinachake kwa izo, zimabwereranso ndi kutikhudza. Kodi mukuganiza kuti zingakhale zothandiza komanso kuthana ndi zovuta izi?
Fernanda Trias (05:31):
Ndimakonda zomwe Vandana Shiva, wafilosofi waku India, ecofeminist. Amakamba za tsankho la eco, kuti pali kulekana pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe chonse. Zingakhale zofunikira kuti sayansi iphunzire kuchokera ku lingaliro limenelo, chifukwa ambiri mwa masomphenyawa ochokera kwa anthu amtundu-kuno ku Colombia, tili nawo ambiri-akhoza kuwonedwa ngati asayansi ochepa. M'lingaliro limenelo, sayansi nthawi zina ingakhale yodzikuza kwambiri, sichoncho? Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti malingaliro a ecofeminist angathandize kwambiri. Komanso kukhala ndi akazi ambiri omwe akugwira ntchito za sayansi kungabweretse kusintha kumeneku. Ndipo pakali pano ku Latin America, pali olemba omwe akuyang'ana ku mitundu ina ya chidziwitso ndikulemba zopeka za sayansi kuchokera kumeneko. Ndikuganiza kuti ndizosangalatsa kwambiri.
Paul Shrivastava (06:30):
Zosangalatsa kwambiri. Kodi mukuona kuti zochitika zina za sayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga zikuwonongadi machitidwe a dziko lapansi, ndipo kodi nthano zopeka za sayansi zingakhale zotani poletsa zimenezo?
Fernanda Trias (06:47):
Zomwe ndimamva nthawi zina ndikuti sayansi ili ngati mayi wabwino yemwe akuthamangira kumbuyo kwa mwana wowonongeka yemwe akuwononga m'nyumba. Ndipo amayi akuthamangira kumbuyo akungotenga zoseweretsa, sichoncho? Ndiye sayansi pakali pano ndi chitetezo ichi kuti tonse tikuyembekeza kuti sayansi idzabwera kudzapeza njira yotipulumutsira ku tsoka ndi zowonongeka zomwe tinawononga, ndipo si momwe zingakhalire.
Ngati titenga nkhani ya chakudya, mwachitsanzo, pali kuyerekezera kuti dziko lapansi lidzafunika kupanga 60% chakudya chochulukirapo pofika chaka cha 2050 kuti chiwonjezeke chiwonjezeko cha anthu padziko lapansi. Zikhala zovuta kwambiri. Pali zatsopano zasayansi zomwe zikupita kale mbali imeneyo, ndikuganiza, chabwino, tingasinthire bwanji mbewu kapena mbewu kuti zisatenthe kutentha? Koma ngati mungaganizire, pafupifupi 30% ya chakudya chomwe chimapangidwa padziko lapansi pano chimatayika kapena kutayika, ndipo chikugwirizana ndi capitalism, ndithudi. Choncho chimene tikusowa ndi kusintha. Zopeka za sayansi zimatithandiza, ngakhale sizibwera ndi yankho, ndithudi, koma zimathandiza kufufuza vuto ndikuthandizira kufunsa funso.
Paul Shrivastava (08:01):
Mfundo yomwe mukunena yokhudza zaluso kapena nkhani zomwe zikuyambitsa funsoli - izi zikufika pamtima zomwe anthu ena amatcha kafukufuku wasayansi wa transdisciplinary, pomwe kafukufuku amapangidwa mogwirizana ndi omwe akukhudzidwa nawo.
Fernanda Trias (08:17):
Ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuphatikiza, mukudziwa, zaumunthu ndi sayansi. Chifukwa mavuto omwe tikukumana nawo pakali pano akudutsa malire ndi madera a chidziwitso. Choncho timatenga kusintha kwa nyengo, si nkhani ya chilengedwe. Chisankho chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatira zake pazachuma komanso pagulu. Tiyenera kuganizira za zosowa za dera lililonse mu gawo lake tisanagwiritse ntchito zomwe tikufuna kuchita. Muyenera kuganizira momwe zingakhalire mdera lanu ndi zovuta zomwezo.
Paul Shrivastava (08:53):
Choncho iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Nkhani yokhazikitsa malo, osati kungokakamira ndi njira zonse, koma kuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi chikhalidwe cha komweko. Ili ndiye chinsinsi chothetsera vutoli, ndipo kwa ine, ndilinso, kunja kwa chikhalidwe, sayansi yamba. Ndi malingaliro otani omwe mungakhale nawo kuti asayansi azichita nawo zinthu ngati izi?
Fernanda Trias (09:21):
Lingaliro lakuti kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi zaluso ndizosiyana ndizofala kwambiri. Komabe, ndikuganiza kuti ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofanana kuposa momwe timaganizira chifukwa onse amafunikira chidwi komanso kufunitsitsa kulumikizana ndi malingaliro omwe amawoneka motalikirana.
Paul Shrivastava (09:40):
Kuyanjanitsa madontho kuti mupange chitsanzo chachikulu. Ndipo izi, kwa ine, kusuntha kwaluso. Sikusuntha kwasayansi.
Fernanda Trias (09:49):
Ndendende, koma ndikuganiza kuti mwina asayansi abwino kwambiri ndi omwe ali ndi malingaliro otere, mukudziwa, malingaliro olenga awa. Kupanga ndi chinthu chomwe sichiri cha anthu ena omwe ali ojambula. Tonse ndife anthu olenga. Pamene ndinayamba wri ... ndikuganiza za buku lomwe lidzakhala pambuyo pake Slime Wapinki, ndinali ndi zinthu zina zomwe zinkawoneka kuti sizikugwirizana kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, matope a pinki ndi phala, mwana yemwe ali ndi matendawa… Izi zili ngati, mukudziwa, ngati zigamba, koma kwa ine monga wolemba, ndiyenera kukhulupirira izi. Ndinadziwa kuti ali limodzi. Sindinadziwe bwanji.
Paul Shrivastava (10:33):
Zikomo pomvera podcast iyi yochokera ku International Science Council's Center for Science Futures yomwe idachitika mogwirizana ndi Arthur C. Clarke Center for Human Imagination ku UC San Diego pitani ku futures.council.science kuti mupeze ntchito zambiri za Center for Science Futures. Imayang'ana kwambiri zomwe zikuchitika mu sayansi ndi machitidwe ofufuza ndipo imapereka zosankha ndi zida zopangira zisankho zabwinoko.
Paul Shrivastava, Pulofesa wa Management ndi Mabungwe ku Pennsylvania State University, adachita nawo mndandanda wa podcast. Iye amakhazikika pakukhazikitsa kwa Sustainable Development Goals. Podcast imachitidwanso mogwirizana ndi Arthur C. Clarke Center for Human Imagination ku yunivesite ya California, San Diego.
Ntchitoyi inkayang'aniridwa ndi Mathieu Denis ndi kunyamulidwa Dong Liu, ochokera ku Center for Science futures, tank yoganiza ya ISC.
Chithunzi chochokera Patrick Perkins on Unsplash.
chandalama
Zambiri, malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe amaperekedwa m'mabulogu athu a alendo ndi omwe amathandizira aliyense payekhapayekha, ndipo sizikuwonetsa zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiriro za International Science Council.
Werengani zambiri za The Science Diplomat Podcast: Sir Peter Gluckman pa upangiri wa sayansi, kudalirana, ndi malire a umboni 
Werengani zambiri za Sayansi yopanda malire: Kugwirizana kwapadziko lonse kwa m'badwo wotsatira wa ofufuza 
Werengani zambiri za Kuganizanso za kukula ndi kulimba mtima mu kafukufuku wazachilengedwe 