Nkhaniyi ndi gawo la mndandanda watsopano wa ISC, Kusintha21, yomwe idzafufuza momwe chidziwitso ndi zochitika, zaka zisanu kuchokera pa mgwirizano wa Paris ndi chaka chofunikira kwambiri pakuchitapo kanthu pa chitukuko chokhazikika.
Ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri padziko lonse amene angadziwe dzinali Eunice Foote, katswiri wasayansi ya zanyengo amene mu 1856 anapeza kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatenthetsa mpweya pa carbon dioxide, ndipo kenako kunadzadziwika kuti greenhouse effect. Kafukufuku wake adaperekedwa pamsonkhano wa American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ndi Joseph Henry wa Smithsonian Institution, popeza amayi sankatha kupezekapo panthawiyo. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake James Tyndall adanena kuti anapeza kuti mipweya kuphatikizapo carbon dioxide imatenga kutentha, komwe tsopano amadziwika kuti adavundukula. M’nkhani yodziŵika kwa akazi ambiri ofufuza, Tyndall anatha kupeza ndalama zopititsira patsogolo kafukufuku wake ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa mphamvu ya cheza ya dzuŵa ndi magwero ena a cheza. Komabe, kafukufuku wa Foote ndiwopambana kwambiri pazasayansi, komanso wochititsa chidwi ngakhale alibe mwayi, zida ndi maphunziro. Nkhani yake ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa amayi omwe ali ndi liwu pothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo komanso kufunika kwa chithandizo chomwe amayi omwe ali ndi maphunziro a maphunziro ndi luso la STEM angapereke, komanso zolepheretsa machitidwe omwe amayi amakumana nawo kuti amve.
Akazi akuchulukirachulukira kuwonedwa ngati ovutikitsitsa kuposa amuna ku zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo, makamaka chifukwa chakuti amaimira osauka ambiri padziko lapansi ndipo molingana ndi mmene amadalira kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe zimene zili pangozi. Abambo ndi amai ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana, maudindo, mphamvu zopangira zisankho, mwayi wopeza malo ndi zachilengedwe, mwayi ndi zosowa. M’maiko ndi m’madera ambiri, amayi ali ndi udindo wopanga chakudya, kutunga madzi a m’nyumba zawo ndi kutolera mafuta ophikira. Zochitika zoyendetsedwa ndi nyengo monga kusefukira kwa madzi, chilala ndi nyengo yoopsa zapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta ndikuyika mtolo wosayenera kwa amayi. Komabe, amayi omwe akukhudzidwawo ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuchepetsa chifukwa cha chidziwitso chawo ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe zimafunika kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe ndi kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto.
Padziko lonse lapansi, amayi ali ndi mwayi wochepa wopeza zinthu monga malo, ngongole, zipangizo zaulimi, njira zopangira zisankho, luso lamakono ndi maphunziro omwe angawathandize kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kusintha kwanyengo kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa amayi kukhala odziyimira pawokha pazachuma, komanso kumasokoneza ufulu wa amayi pa chikhalidwe ndi ndale, makamaka m'mayiko omwe amadalira kwambiri ulimi. Kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kunapezeka kuti ndizovuta kwambiri pa bungwe la amayi, zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ngati kuthekera kopanga zisankho zomveka komanso zisankho zoyenera, ngakhale nyumba zapakhomo, malamulo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zimathandizira kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Zotsatira za kusalingana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo zili ndi mbali ziwiri zofunika: kusatetezeka kwa amayi ndi kuthekera kosinthika komanso udindo wa amayi pakukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera ndikusintha. Kafukufuku wamayankho ku Africa ndi Asia ikuwonetsa momwe bungwe la amayi limathandizira kutengera mayankho.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera ndikusintha, amayi omwe ali ndi maphunziro a sayansi, teknoloji, engineering, ndi masamu (STEM) ali ndi udindo waukulu, osati pakulimbikitsana komanso kutsogolera, kupanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa mayankho. Komabe, a kafukufuku ndi GenderInSite ndi Bungwe la International Science Council yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Seputembala 2021 ikuwonetsa kuti kutenga nawo gawo kwa amayi m'masukulu amtundu wa STEM kunali 16%, kuyambira 28% mu sayansi yazachilengedwe mpaka 10% mu engineering. Avereji ya gawo la amayi omwe akutumikira m'bungwe lolamulira ndi 29% kusukulu zamaphunziro ndi 37% kwa mabungwe olangira mayiko. Lingaliro lalikulu linali loti awonjezere kutenga nawo mbali kwa amayi mu utsogoleri ndi utsogoleri wa mabungwewa.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi Kutenga Mbali kwa Akazi mu Global Science Organisations
Kafukufuku wonena za kuphatikizidwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa amayi m'mabungwe asayansi opitilira 120 omwe amalumikizidwa pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi wapeza kuti azimayi sakuyimilirabe. Ikufuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu sayansi yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti kuwonetsetse kuti pakhale kusintha kwa zinthu.
Kufunika kwa kuthana ndi kusalingana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo kwazindikirika ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 1980, amayi akhala ochepa pothandizira pa ntchito ya Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Komabe, mu February 2020 IPCC idatenga mfundo yoti amuna ndi akazi azikhala ofanana komanso kuti aziphatikizana ndi ndondomeko yowonjezera zopereka za asayansi achikazi. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino momwe kutentha kwadziko kumakhudzira amayi. Makamaka, mawu a amayi ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene komanso madera omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo adzamveka. Pakadali pano, opitilira 30% a olemba IPCC ndi azimayi ndipo wachiwiri kwampando wachikazi adasankhidwa mu 2015. kutenga nawo mbali kwa amayi mu nthumwi za boma ndi opanga ndondomeko ku UNFCCC ndi misonkhano yogwirizana nayo ikupitirizabe kukhala yochepa, malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature. Komabe, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kutenga nawo mbali kwa amayi, vuto ladongosolo la chiwerengero chochepa cha amayi mu ntchito za STEM, zomwe zimachepetsa chiwerengero cha omwe angathandize, komanso kudalira maboma kuti asankhe nthumwi, ziyenera kuthetsedwa.
Amayi ochulukirapo akufunikanso pamaudindo a utsogoleri mu bizinesi, mayunivesite ndi boma chifukwa amakonda kuyendetsa mayankho ku kusintha kwa nyengo. Izi zikufanana ndi zotsatira zabwino za kusintha kwa kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pa kayendetsedwe ka chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kayendetsedwe ka bizinesi ndi zatsopano.
Ngakhale zili choncho, amayi akupitirizabe kuyimiridwa mochepera pamagulu a bungwe. Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza Kuyimilira kwa akazi m'mabodi ndi magulu oyang'anira makampani akuluakulu amagetsi ku Germany, Spain ndi Sweden adawonetsa kuti 64% analibe akazi konse m'magulu kapena magulu otsogolera ndipo 5% yokha ndi yomwe ingaganizidwe kuti ndi yofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pokhala ndi 40% kapena kuposa akazi oterowo. maudindo. Zaposachedwa lipoti pakutenga nawo gawo kwa amayi padziko lonse lapansi, lofalitsidwa February 2021, likuwonetsa apamwamba kwambiri ku France pa 44% ndi otsika kwambiri ku Brazil pa 12%. Mu US akazi unachitikira za 11% yamakampani apadera mipando ya board mu 2020 ndi 24.3% ya 3000 makampani aboma mipando ya board pa Marichi 2021. Nthawi yomweyo, mabungwe monga World Economic Forum Climate Governance Initiative akukhazikitsa mitu padziko lonse lapansi kuti ma board amakampani athane ndi kusintha kwanyengo ngati vuto lomwe lingawonekere. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha amayi omwe ali ndi luso la STEM pamabungwe a mabungwe, omwe amatha kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana za utsogoleri, sikunayambe kufulumira.
Kutengapo gawo kwa amayi pakupanga mfundo ku dziko lonse ndi kofunikiranso. Research maiko ambiri akusonyeza kuti kuyimira amayi mu nyumba zamalamulo kumapangitsa maiko kutsatira mfundo zokhwimitsa kwambiri za kusintha kwa nyengo komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wotenthetsera dziko.
Kusintha kwanyengo ndizovuta padziko lonse lapansi zopanda malire. Zochita zapadziko lonse zimafunikira amuna ndi akazi. Ndikofunikira kulingalira malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana. Opanga mfundo ndi asayansi amafunikira dongosolo lolimba lomwe limaganizira mbali zonse, kubwezera kukondera kosazindikira komanso kuthana ndi mipata ya chidziwitso. Njira yophatikizira - yomwe ikuphatikiza mawu a theka la anthu padziko lonse lapansi - ithandizira kufulumizitsa mgwirizano pakusintha komwe tikuyenera kupanga. Azimayi ali ndi luso komanso kuthekera kothandiza komanso kofunikira, amangololedwa kulowa muhema.
Mwinanso mungakhale ndi chidwi ndi:
Marlene Kanga, AM FTSE Hon.FIEAust Hon. FIChemE
Marlene anali purezidenti World Federation of Engineering Mabungwe (WFEO) pakati pa 2017 ndi 2019. WFEO ndi bungwe lapamwamba la mabungwe a engineering padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi mamembala ochokera ku mayiko a 100, omwe akuimira mainjiniya 30 miliyoni. Anali Purezidenti wa 2013 wa National Engineers Australia ndi membala wa Council kuchokera ku 2007-2014.
Ndiwo Non-Executive Director m'mabungwe akulu akulu ku Australia pazantchito, zoyendera komanso zaluso. Marlene ndi Fellow wa Australia Academy of Engineering, Wolemekezeka Fellow ya Engineers Australia ndi Ulemu Fellow ndi Institution of Chemical Engineers (UK). Adalembedwa m'gulu la mainjiniya 100 apamwamba kwambiri ku Australia omwe adathandizira ku Australia zaka 2019 za Engineers Australia mu 10, pakati pa mainjiniya XNUMX apamwamba kwambiri ku Australia ndipo ndi membala wa Order of Australia pozindikira utsogoleri wake pantchito yaukadaulo.
Chithunzi: Dan Parsons (chofalitsidwa kudzera pa imaggeo.egu.eu).
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