Roberto Abadie, Pulofesa Wothandizira, Dipatimenti ya Kinesiology, Yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison; katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu
Celia B. Fisher, Wapampando wa Yunivesite ya Marie Ward Doty mu Ethics; Mtsogoleri wa Center for Ethics Education; Pulofesa wa Psychology, Fordham University
Padziko lonse lapansi, maboma olamulira mwankhanza komanso okonda anthu ambiri akulimbana kwambiri ndi mabungwe asayansi, kuletsa ndalama zofufuzira anthu omwe ali m'mavuto, komanso kuletsa zomwe zapezeka zomwe zimatsutsa nkhani zandale zomwe zikuchitika. Ku Hungary, boma la Orbán likuyesetsa kusintha mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba ndi kafukufuku. akweza nkhawa za ufulu wamaphunziro ndi kudziyimira pawokha. Dziko la Brazil, motsogozedwa ndi Bolsonaro, linatsutsa mobwerezabwereza sayansi ya zachilengedwe, linafooketsa chitetezo cha madera a anthu akumaloko, komanso linachepetsa ukatswiri wa sayansi pankhani monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi COVID-19 mliriIzi zikuchitika kwambiri ku United States pansi pa ulamuliro womwe ulipo. Mofanana ndi atsogoleri ena apadziko lonse lapansi kulimbikitsa zolinga zaulamuliro, ndi kaimidwe ka boma lomwe likugwira ntchito panopa Ponena za akatswiri anzeru, asayansi ndi aphunzitsi, nthawi zambiri otsutsa amawawonetsa ngati ali ndi malingaliro otsutsana ndi nzeru komanso otsutsana ndi sayansi mkati mwa ulamuliro wadziko lonse womwe ukubuka. Komabe, ngakhale kuti kuchepa kwa demokalase ku US sikunachitikepo, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. akukumana ndi "kubwerera m'mbuyo" kwa demokalase. Kuchepa kwa demokalase kukugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa ufulu wa sayansi, ndipo palibe dziko lomwe silingathe kutetezedwa.
Pansi pa ulamuliro wa Trump, dziko la United States lachita kutchulidwa kusintha kwa nyengo ngati "bodza" ndipo kwachotsedwa pa Pangano la Paris pa kawiri. Posachedwapa, kudula kwakukulu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ku magwero akuluakulu a ndalama za boma zofufuzira zasayansi, kuphatikizapo National Institutes of Health (NIH) ndi National Science Foundation (NSF), pamodzi ndi kusankhidwa kwa anthu ogwirizana ndi ndale kukhala atsogoleri. Mazana a maphunziro m'madera monga thanzi la LGBTQ+, kusamuka, kulumala, HIV/AIDS, ndi kusiyana kwa thanzi akuti aletsedwa, kuletsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa ndalama, zomwe zasokoneza njira zasayansi, kupanga chidziwitso, komanso mapulani a munthu payekha, maloto ndi njira zantchito, makamaka kwa akatswiri oyambirira omwe anali ochepa. Madera ofufuza awa akuti akuyang'aniridwa kudzera mu zida zanzeru zopanga zomwe zimazindikira mawu ena ofunikira, kuphatikizapo "mtundu", "akazi" ndi "kusiyana kwa thanzi". Kusintha kumeneku, otsutsa akunena, asintha malamulo ogwirira ntchito omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali mabungwe amenewa, makamaka kudzera mu khama lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi tsankho la maganizo mu kafukufuku, kuphatikizapo njira zosiyanirana, chilungamo, ndi kuphatikizana (DEI).
Gulu la asayansi lachitapo kanthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyesera kusintha kuti ligwirizane ndi zenizeni zatsopano za mabungwe, kusunga kupitiriza kwa kafukufuku pansi pa mikhalidwe yocheperako ya ndalama, kapena kusintha madera ena ophunzirira kuti apititse patsogolo ma laboratories ndikulipira ophunzira omaliza maphunziro ndi antchito. Izi zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kudalira kwambiri madipatimenti ndi mayunivesite ambiri ku US pa ndalama zothandizira boma ngati gwero lokhalo la malipiro ofufuza ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kafukufuku.
Pakati pa chisokonezo, kutopa ndi chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa thupi, ndikofunikira kuti gulu la asayansi lisagonjere mfundo zaulamuliro. Ofufuza, mwachitsanzo, angakumane ndi kukakamizidwa kuti asiye madera ena ofufuza, kuchotsa anthu omwe ali m'mavuto pazinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kafukufuku, kusintha chilankhulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza ntchito yawo kapena kuthetsa mgwirizano wa anthu ammudzi womwe wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, tiyenera kufunsa mafunso omwe afunsidwa mu ndemanga yaposachedwa ya Fisher ndi anzake (2026): Kodi munthu amachita bwanji kafukufuku wa makhalidwe abwino m'malo omwe ali ndi makhalidwe oipa? Kodi ubale ndi kudalirana pakati pa anthu ammudzi kungasungidwe bwanji m'mikhalidwe yosakhazikika ya mabungwe? Kodi ofufuza ayenera kuthana bwanji ndi mavuto a makhalidwe abwino omwe amakumana nawo poyankha zoletsa zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuchita zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi zoyenera m'makhalidwe abwino?
Pamene ofufuza akuvutika - nthawi zambiri paokha - kuti agwirizanitse zofunikira za Bungwe Lowunikira za Institutional Review Board kuti ateteze ophunzira ndi zolinga zawo pantchito, makhalidwe awo, ndi ziyembekezo zawo, tiyenera kudzikumbutsa kuti kafukufuku wa sayansi wakumana ndi nthawi zambiri zoopsa m'mbiri yonse. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira masiku oyambirira a mliri wa Edzi, mantha ndi tsankho kwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, anthu omwe amalowetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi omwe adasamukira ku US achita izi. kuchedwa kwa ndalama zofufuzira za HIVVuto lomwe lilipo pano silingakhale lomaliza. Mwachidule, mphamvu ya US yomwe ikuchepa koma ikadali yapadziko lonse lapansi ikulimbikitsa zizolowezi zaulamuliro zomwe zimasokoneza sayansi kunja. Kusinthaku kukukakamiza dziko lonse lapansi kulimbana ndi mavuto a makhalidwe abwino pochita kafukufuku pansi pa mikhalidwe yaulamuliro.
Malo osinthika awa amabweretsa mavuto kwa ofufuza ndi madera omwe. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa asayansi azaumoyo ndi azaumoyo omwe akuwunika momwe kusalingana kwachilengedwe kumakhudzira anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachuma komanso anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha miliri, mavuto azachuma, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi masoka ena okhudzana ndi izi. Kuchepetsa ndalama kumawopseza kupitiliza kwa kafukufuku wakale, komwe kumawononga kwambiri chidaliro mu sayansi kuchokera mkati. Mwanjira ina, anthu ammudzi omwe ali ndi udindo amataya chidaliro m'mayesero akuluakulu ndi kafukufuku ndipo amayamba kukana kutenga nawo mbali, zomwe zimakhudza kudalirika kwa zotsatira zake.
Kusowa mwadzidzidzi kwa njira zopezera ndalama kumawononga zinthu zambiri kuposa kungopeza zinthu zasayansi. Kusokonezeka kwa ndalama zofufuzira kungawononge zaka zambiri zomanga chikhulupiriro ndi mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ammudzi komanso kugwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kapena omwe ali osowa. Kwa mabungwe ammudzi, ndalama zofufuzira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa ntchito zofunika komanso ntchito yolimbikitsa. Kwa madera ambiriwa, nthawi zambiri amaopa njira zofufuzira zomwe ofufuza "amasowa" atatha kusonkhanitsa deta, kukhalapo kosatha komanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa nthawi yayitali. chofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kusunga chidaliro. Malipiro azachuma Kawirikawiri kafukufuku amaonedwa ndi ochita kafukufuku ngati gawo la mgwirizano wogwirizana, momwe chidziwitso ndi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zimayamikiridwa ndikuzindikirika moyenera. Ofufuza tsopano akukakamizidwa kuganiziranso zomwe adachita kale ku mabungwe ndi anthu omwe nthawi zambiri ankapereka ntchito zawo pothandizira. Popanda ndalama zofufuzira, ofufuza ndi madera ayenera kufotokozeranso mgwirizano wawo ndikupeza njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi kutenga nawo mbali.
Kuopsa kwa kudziletsa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa njira zopezera ndalama kumatsutsa njira zodziwika bwino zopewera, kuchiza komanso kafukufuku wokhudza anthu ammudzi. Izi zitha zimayambitsa mavuto a makhalidwe abwino - pa kusokonezeka maganizo kowawa Ofufuza amaona kuti akaletsedwa kuchita sayansi m'njira zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi zoyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, zingaperekenso mwayi woganiziranso momwe mgwirizano umapangidwira komanso kupitilirabe pansi pa mikhalidwe yoletsedwa. Kusunga mgwirizano kumakhala kofunikira. Zochita zotsika mtengo, zosagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, monga kuwunika zosowa kapena kuwunika mapulogalamu, zingathandize kusunga mgwirizano wa anthu ammudzi panthawi yosatsimikizika, komanso kupanga malo okambirana momveka bwino za ziyembekezo za mgwirizano wopitilira.
Komanso, malonjezano atsopano okhudzana ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'dera lathu angathandize kuchepetsa mavuto athu. kuvutika maganizo mwa kuchita sayansi yabwino kapena kusunga ubale ndi anthu ammudzi ngakhale pali zopinga zandale. Fisher ndi anzake (2026) Monga tanenera, kuthandizana pamodzi ndi mgwirizano kungakhale njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi malingaliro a kutaya mtima, kudzimva wolakwa komanso ngakhale mkwiyo. Kukonzanso mapangano athu ndi ogwirizana nawo m'dera lathu kungathandizenso kuthetsa kuvulala kwa makhalidwe komwe anthu onse oona mtima amakumana nako polimbikitsa thanzi ndi ubwino wa anthu onse m'dera lathu. kudzipereka iyeneranso kuphatikizapo kugawana ndalama zosalunjika zomwe nthawi zambiri zakhala zikukondera mayunivesite ndi mabungwe ofufuza, omwe apindula ndi ndalama kuchokera ku boma kapena mabungwe enaake pothandizira kafukufuku wa anthu ammudzi.
Nthawi yovutayi siyenera kutayikiridwa. M'malo mwake, ikhoza kuonedwa ngati mwayi wotsutsa, womwe umadziwika ndi kudzipereka kwatsopano ku makhalidwe abwino asayansi. Izi zimafuna kulimba mtima kwa ofufuza ndi mabungwe, kudzichepetsa kwa chidziwitso, komanso kutseguka kuti aganizire momwe zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kafukufuku zimakhalira, ndi amene zosowa zawo zimayikidwa patsogolo kapena zimachepetsedwa mu ndondomekoyi. Kawirikawiri kafukufuku wathu umayang'ana kwambiri pa zinthu za munthu payekha osati za dongosolo, kutsimikizika kwa mkati mwa munthu m'malo mwa zomwe anthu akumana nazo pamoyo wawo, ndi zatsopano zaukadaulo kapena zamankhwala m'malo mwa njira zogwirira ntchito kapena za dongosolo, pomwe sizikukwaniritsa zopinga za dongosolo. Zonsezi zimalepheretsa kupambana kwa asayansi pakukonza mikhalidwe yomwe tikufuna kumvetsetsa.
Mu nthawi zomwe maboma olamulira amafuna kuchepetsa kufufuza kwa sayansi, tiyenera kuwona nthawi izi osati ngati zovuta za ufulu wa sayansi zokha, komanso ngati chiitano chofufuza malingaliro athu ndi kukayikira kwathu. Kugwirizana ndi ofufuza ena ndi madera pokana zoletsa zomwe boma lidakhazikitsa komanso malire omwe tidadzipangira tokha omwe amatiletsa kuthana ndi kusalungama kwadongosolo kungalimbikitse umphumphu wamakhalidwe abwino komanso momwe sayansi yathu imakhudzira anthu. Kupeza kulikonse kwatsopano komwe kumawongolera miyoyo ya omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri kumatsimikiziranso mfundo za choonadi, ulemu wa anthu ndi chilungamo cha anthu, ngakhale pali zoyesayesa zoletsa, kusokoneza ndale kapena kuchepetsa sayansi.
Chithunzi ndi Khashayar Kouchpeydeh on Unsplash
chandalama: Chidziwitso, malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe aperekedwa m'mabulogu athu a alendo ndi a omwe adapereka ndemanga pawokha ndipo sizikutanthauza kuti mfundo ndi zikhulupiriro za International Science Council ndi zofunika. Fordham University kapena University of Wisconsin-Madison sizili ndi udindo pa malingaliro omwe aperekedwa.
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